The Development of a Comprehensive Autism Spectrum Disorder Support Model (A-Support Model)

Background: More than 10 million people are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in mainland China as estimated. However, no current medical interventions demonstrate clear benefit for core symptoms in ASDs. It is a life-long disorder that requires training and support throughout the whole life. However, there is no comprehensive support model for ASD in mainland China. Teachers and therapists lack guidance on systematic assessments, interventions, and supports to children with ASD.

Objectives: The current study aims at conceiving a comprehensive Autism Spectrum Disorder Support Model (A-Support Model) from theory to practice in five perspectives: theoretical framework, teamwork, assessment, intervention, and support.

Methods: Literature Review

Results: The theoretical framework provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism of ASD. It was developed based on the neurological and behavioral research findings from multiple domains, including sensation and perception, thinking and learning style, memory, multiple intelligence and exceptional abilities, emotion and personality development, and influence of comorbidities. To provide comprehensive assessment, intervention, and support, transdisciplinary collaboration was recommended and the primary service providers (PSP) approach was discussed in the context of providing training and support. The rationale of developing a set of ecological assessment was discussed. It guides the selection of appropriate assessment tools of different domains across ages and levels, and the procedure of transferring the result of assessment to the development of individual support plan. As for intervention, technical and theoretical eclecticism were reviewed to serve as the theoretical guidance for the selection of evidence-based approaches according to the goals and individual’s characteristics. Ecological support and longitudinal support were both introduced. The model demonstrates a focus on longitudinal support, especially on identifying, developing and transforming individual’s strength to vocational skills.

Conclusions: The A-support Model was developed as a framework for guiding the assessment, intervention, and support for individuals with ASD.